审计的本质、职能与政府审计责任研究——基于“免疫系统”功能视角的分析

审计的本质是审计本身所固有的属性,它反映的是审计的主要职能而不是全部职能.随着审计环境的改变,审计的职能在不断拓展.现代政府审计的本质是"经济监督",其职能是"经济监督、经济评价和经济鉴证".发挥"免疫系统"功能的实质是要求政府审计进一步发挥"防护、清除、修补"功能.审计职能的拓展要求重塑政府审计概念框架,并进一步确立与之相适应的政府审计责任.     

Confidence intervals for maximal reliability in tau‐equivalent models

Subjective probabilities play an important role in marketing research, for example where individuals rate the likelihood that they will purchase a new developed product. The tau‐equivalent model can describe the joint behaviour of multiple test items measuring the same subjective probability. In this paper we stress the use of confidence intervals to assess reliability, as this allows for a more critical assessment of the items as measurement instruments. To improve the reliability one can use a weighted sum as the outcome of the test rather than an unweighted sum. In principle, the weights may be chosen so as to obtain maximal reliability. We propose two new confidence intervals for the maximal reliability in the tau‐equivalent model and we compare these two new intervals with intervals derived earlier in Yuan and Bentler (Psychometrika, 67 , 2002, 251) and Raykov and Penev (Multivariate Behavioral Research, 41 , 2006, 15). The comparison involves coverage curves, a methodology that is new in the field of reliability. The existing Yuan–Bentler and Raykov–Penev intervals are shown to overestimate the maximal reliability, whereas one of our proposed intervals, the stable interval, performs very well. This stable interval hardly shows any bias, and has a coverage for the true value which is approximately equal to the confidence level.     

The Incidence of the Land Use Regulatory Tax

Land use regulation has been found to impose a substantial tax on housing within select U.S. metropolitan areas. In this article, we develop hypotheses regarding the incidence of this tax by income class and racial group within these areas. Parcel‐level data from Miami‐Dade County, Florida, are used to test our hypotheses. We find that, while the tax rises with a household's permanent income, this rise is less than proportional, making it a regressive tax. We also find, controlling for household permanent income, that the tax is a higher percentage of the price of homes located in black neighborhoods in comparison to those located in white or Hispanic neighborhoods.     

浅议石油企业物资采购质量监督的作用及途径

质量管理在物资采购管理中具有攀足轻重的作用,是提升石油物资工作水平的前提,也是抵制假冒伪劣产品,确保采购物资质量,提升企业工程质量的保障。各企业物资采购部门应充分利用集中采购优势,严格执行质量标准,强化采购物资质量的过程控制,规范物资从采购计划编制、合格供方评定、物资采购合同签订、物资人库检验和验收、物资保管保养,到物资出库发放等各个质量控制点的管理,为本企业创新提升工程质量,促进“名牌”战略发展做出贡献。     

Subcultures in Greater China: A Comparison of Managerial Values in the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan

Managerial values in the three regions that form Greater China — Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the People's Republic of China (PRC) — were compared. It is posited that in addition to Confucian philosophy, political and economic systems also have significant effects on the values of Chinese managers. Results show that despite the economic integration in Greater China, managerial values have yet to be unified. Managers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the PRC are convergent in collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. On the other hand, managers in the PRC demonstrated higher power distance and less concern about deadlines and plans than in managers Hong Kong and Taiwan. Materialism is also greater in the PRC and Hong Kong than in Taiwan.     

浅论上市公司虚假财务报告的根源及其治理

从虚假财务报告产生的压力、机会和被发现的可能性等方面看,制度环境因素对虚假财务报告的产生有着深远的影响。因此,治理虚假财务报告是一个系统工程,需多管齐下,综合治理。     

合并纳税方式下企业集团未实现内部销售利润的所得税问题

重点分析了企业集团内部销售商品形成期末存货的未实现内部销售利润的所得税问题,企业集团内部销售商品、固定资产、无形资产形成固定资产、无形资产的未实现内部销售利润的所得税问题。     

税收政策对居民消费的“异质性”效应——基于规模结构双重视角下的实证分析

在全球经济形势愈加严峻及中央实施"双循环"新发展格局的背景下，充分发挥税收政策对居民消费的驱动作用具有重要意义。以往基于常参数计量经济模型的研究忽略了不同经济时期税收政策对居民消费的"异质性"效应。文章采用DAG递归预测的方差分解法，对于税收政策与居民消费间的动态因果关系进行识别，并构建带有随机波动率的时变参数因子扩展向量自回归模型，分别从税收规模和税制结构视角出发，探究税收总量、不同税系、不同税类以及不同税种对居民消费的时变效应。研究发现：（1）不同时期税收政策对居民消费的影响程度差异较大，经济萧条时期税收政策对居民消费的影响并不显著，危机后影响程度大幅提高并长期稳定在较高水平。（2）从税收规模来看，税收政策对居民消费产生极为显著的"非凯恩斯效应"。从税制结构来看，直接税的扩张对居民消费产生显著的促进效应；商品税及其内部消费税、增值税的扩张显著"挤出"消费，关税轻微"挤入"消费，近年来增值税的"挤出效应"大幅增强；个人所得税对消费的"挤入效应"显著强于企业所得税；财产税的总体扩张对消费产生"挤出效应"，但占比相对较高的房产税、契税和土地增值税并未"挤出"消费。因此，政策当局应适度降低商品税税负水平、逐步下调个人所得税税率、完善财产税制。     

对《征信管理条例》的几点疑惑与修改建议

2009年10月12日,酝酿了7年之久的《征信管理条例》终于揭开了面纱,目前该条例还处于正式颁布前的修改阶段。文章在梳理我国征信业及其立法历程的基础上,从征信机构、信息主体保护等几个方面全面分析了该条例的相关条款,针对其中的一些疑惑,提出了相应的修改建议,以期起到献计献策的作用。     

中国联通的价值成长战略及其实施对策

价值成长战略是指以提高上市公司的股市价值为目标的战略目标和措施等的统称。本文分析了中国联通实施价值成长战略的必要性和基本条件,提出了中国联通实现员工价值最大化、用户价值最大化和股东价值最大化的价值成长战略思路,并给出了实施价值成长战略的对策。